Tool for use in book binding

ABSTRACT

An interlocking roughing bit for use in book binding and for providing groove with a shingled side on the edge of a plurality of adjacent pages which is to receive adhesive comprising a body portion for mounting on a rotating member having a center of rotation, a cutting bit on said body portion, a leading relatively sharp cutting edge on said cutting bit, first and second diverging sides extending from the cutting edge toward the trailing edge on said bit, said first side being closer to the center of rotation than said second side and having a portion extending substantially perpendicularly to a radius drawn from the center of rotation to said first side, and said second side extending at an acute angle with respect to said first side with said second side forming a plurality of overlapping flaps from said adjacent pages to provide the shingled side of said groove.

United States Patent Blake 4 1 Sept. 18, 1973 r mary. Em fietriwnk Bin-i!!! a TOOL FOR USE IN BOOK BINDING Francis R. Blake, Hamburg, NY.

Peter Cooper Corporation, Gowanda, N.Y.

Filed: July 3, 1972 Appl. No.: 268,681

lnventor:

Assignee:

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7/1953 Fogg 90/14 R 8/1951 Vevheyen 29/95 R 5/1964 James .1 29/105 A Attorney-Joseph P. Gastel An interlocking roughing bit for use in book binding and for providing groove with a shingled side on the edge of a plurality of adjacent pages which is to receive adhesive comprising a body portion for mounting on a rotating member having a center of rotation, a cutting bit on said body portion, a leading relatively sharp cutting edge on said cutting bit, first and second diverging sides extending from the cutting edge toward the trailing edge on said bit, said first side being closer to the center of rotation than said second side and having a portion extending substantially perpendicularly to a radius drawn from the center of rotation to said first side, and said second side extending at an acute angle with respect to said first side with said second side forming a plurality of overlapping flaps from said adjacent pages to provide the shingled side of said groove.

5 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures TOOL FOR USE IN BOOK BINDING The present invention relates to an improved tool for use in binding of books and more specifically to an interlocking roughing bit for providing a groove with a shingled side in the edge of a book to be bound.

In the binding of books by the perfect method, the edges of the pages which are to be joined are milled by milling cutters and thereafter glue is applied to the milled surface to hold the pages together. In accordance with the present invention the book includes spaced grooves extending transversely across the milled edge. These spaced groovesare formed during or after the edge milling process and extend for a slight amount into the edge of the book. The edge of each groove has a shingled side formed by flaps which overlie each other. The shingling in conjunction with the glue which enters the grooves causes the binding to be relatively strong. In addition, this type of binding is very desirable aesthetically inasmuch as it gives the appearance of a more expensive stitched binding.

It is accordingly the object of the present invention to provide an improved tool for use in binding of books, namely, an interlocking roughing bit which will produce a series of grooves in the edge of a book to be bound with each groove having a side which is formed by shingled flaps of paper to thereby cause the pages to be held together in an extremely strong manner and to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Other objects and attendant advantages of the present invention will readily be perceived hereafter.

The improved interlocking roughing bit of the present invention provides a groove with a shingled side on the edge of a book which is to receive adhesive incidental to being bound and comprises a body portion for ing from said cutting edge toward a trailing edge on.

said bit, said first side being closer to the center of rotation of said rotating member than said second side and having a portion extending substantially perpendicularly to a radius drawn from said center of rotation to said first side, and said second side extending at an acute angle with respect to said first side, whereby said cutting edge will cut through said edge of said book to form a groove as said first and said second sides pass through said edge of said book, and said second side will cause flaps formed from pages to be oriented into a shingled relationship on the side of said groove.

The various aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood when the following portions of the specification are read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic fragmentary elevational view of the improved interlocking bit of the present invention mounted on a carrier for milling tools which is shown in relationship to the edge of a book which is tobe prepared; I

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevational view taken substantially in the direction of arrows 2-2 of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a fragmentary schematic plan view of the subject matter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a single page after it has been cut by the interlocking roughing bit and showing the formation of a flap on the edge of the cut;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the edge of the book which has been milled by the tool of FIG.

I and which has a groove with a shingled side of flaps formed by the interlocking roughing bit;

FIG. 6 is an end elevational view of the interlocking roughing bit;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the interlocking roughing bit of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the interlocking roughing bit of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the same type of interlocking roughing bit having a different base; and

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the edge of the book which has been prepared by the tool of the present invention, and is a view of the same book shown in FIG. 3 turned end-for-end and inverted.

By way of general orientation, machine 10 prepares edge 11 of book 12 for receiving a suitable glue which binds pages 13 together. More specifically, machine 10 includes a motor 14 having a substantially vertically extending shaft 15 with a circular plate 16 at the outer end thereof which mounts circular cutter holding plate 17 by means of a plurality of screws 18.

The book 12 is held between jaws 19 mounted on carrier 20 which causes book 12 to pass across rotating disc 17 from the solid line position in FIG. 3 to the dotted line position. The edge 11 of book 12 extends approximately a quarter of an inch below jaws 19 so that the jaws will hold the pages 13 closely together at edge 11. A circular soft metal backing pate 19 backs up book 12 at edges 11, as shown in FIGS. 1-3. Plate 19 is stationary in the sense that it does not rotate and it provides tangential contact with the edge of book 12. A plurality of milling cutters 21 are mounted in a circular pattern on plate 17. In this particular instance, all

the milling cutters 21 except two are spaced 6 apart and a total of 59 milling cutters are mounted on plate 17. Each of the cutters is suitably secured in position, as by a set screw 22 extending radially inwardly from outer edge 22. Any other suitable means for securing milling cutters 21 in position may be used. As plate 17 rotates, milling cutters 21 will mill a flat surface on edge 11 as the carrier 20 moves the book across plate 17.

The improved interlocking roughing bit 23 of the present invention is spaced between two adjacent milling cutters which are spaced l2 apart. The centerline of bit 23 is located 6' from the centerline of each of the adjacent milling cutters. As can best be seen from FIG. I, the uppermost portion of interlocking roughing bit is at a higher elevation than the milling cutters 21 and extends approximately one-sixteenth of an inch above the highest surface of the milling cutters so that interlocking roughing bit 23 will form a groove 24 which is approximately one-sixteenth of an inch deep in the edge 11.

As can best be seen from FIG. 3, the book 12 passes across plate 17 so that it is spaced approximately onehalf the radius of plate 17 from the center of rotation 30. In passing across plate 17, a plurality of spaced grooves 24 are formed in edge 11 because of the intermittent engagement between bit 23 and edge 11. It is also to be noted from FIG. 2 that plate 17 is canted so that bit 23 will engage edge 11 only once every 360 of rotation of plate 17. The same is true of each of the milling cutters. Bit 23 will pass through book 12 in a direction toward plate 19' and it will cut through plate 19', which as noted above consists of soft metal. Periodically plate 19' is rotated by appropriate structure (not shown) as it becomes excessively worn by the cuttcrs.

As can be seen from FIGS. 5-7, the interlocking roughing bit 23 includes a shank or body portion 24 which is received in a suitable mating aperture in plate 17. A flat 25 is formed on the side of shank 24 for receiving the end of a set screw 22' extending radially inwardly from the edge of plate 17. The cutting bit portion 26 which is located at the top of shank 24 includes a leading cutting edge 27 and a pair of planar triangular diverging sides 28 and 29 which extend toward triangular planar downwardly extending trailing edge 30. Side 28 is oriented substantially perpendicularly to a radius drawn from center of rotation 30 and side 29 is preferably oriented at an angle of 30 to side 28. However, this angle may be varied within certain limits. Side 28 produces edge 33 of cut 32 and side 29 causes flaps 34 to be bent over. The bit portion 26 is so oriented relative to the regular milling cutters 21 that it passes through the portions of edge 12 which have already been milled, as can be visualized from FIG. 3 because of the travel of the book between cuts by the roughing bit. It will be appreciated that the cutters 21 will cut one path through the brass backing plate 19' and bit portion 26 will cut its own path.

Because of the orientation of the bit 26 relative to book 12 as it passes across plate 17, a cut 32 (FIG. 3) of inverted triangular shape is formed in each page 13. The edge 33 of each cut is clean and the portion 34 of the page which previously occupied cut 32 is bent in the direction of cutting to form a flap 34 which is bent from page 13 along line 35. As can best be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, each of the flaps 34 is shingled over onto adjacent flaps 34 as a result of the action of interlocking cutting bit 26 so as to form groove 24 having a clean side 36 formed of adjacent edges 33 and a shingled side 37 formed of shingled flaps 34. The edge portions 38 of the book which lie on opposite sides of grooves 24 are milled by cutters 21.

After the edge 11 of book 12 has been prepared in the above described manner, glue 40 is applied to edge 11 to hold the pages together, the holding being enhanced greatly by the existence of grooves 24 which receive the glue and the shingled relationship of flaps 34.

The interlocking roughing bit 23 of the present invention in essence provides an interlocking stitch of paper because of the shingled relationship of flaps 34 in conjunction with the glue in groove 24. The foregoing type of binding binds the sheets together better than by the use of a groove alone so that it is very difficult to tear the sheets out because of the holding effect of the shingled flaps. Furthermore, the foregoing relationship of the flaps is such that there is a minimal build-up of paper on the side of the book from which interlocking roughing bit 23 exits. The use of an approximate 30 angle between the planar faces 28 and 2 9 of the cutting bit 26 provides the above desired shingled interlock without the objectionable build-up of paper at the exit side of the bit which is known as nailhead and which is unsightly and causes an objectionable thickening of the backbone relative to the remainder of the book, the latter interfering with level stacking of the books.

The advantages of the interlocking roughing bit of the present invention are that it provides a good clean groove at the edge of the book with the interlocking of the flaps only on one side of the groove. When looking at the bound edge of the book from the inside, it appears that there is actual stitching with thread. Therefore, insofar as appearance is concerned, the book appears to be stitched with thread when it is not stitched, thus giving rise to low cost production with a stitched effect which approaches the strength of stitching without the use of actual stitching.

Actual tests have shown an improved page pull value of the book, which means that a relatively high force is required to pull the pages out. Furthermore, because of the interlock discussed above, the stress on the pages is absorbed at the interlock of flaps 34 and not at the glued edge portions 38. In addition, the books which are fabricated with the improved tool of the present invention have an improved page flex value which is the amount of stress due to flexing which will break the glue. In other words, the book is stronger in all respects.

In FIG. 8 an alternate form of interlocking roughing bit 39 is shown. This bit includes a body portion 40 which is roughly of rectangular solid configuration and which has a face 41 for receiving the end of a set screw. A cutting bit 42 is formed on the upper portion of body surface 40 and is of the exact same configuration as cutting bit 26 described above with respect to FIGS. .5-7. The only difference between the embodiment of FIGS. 5-7, on one hand, and FIG. 8, on the other, is in the shape of the body portion 40.

In the preceding figures, the interlocking roughing bit 23 has been shown mounted on a plate 17 with milling cutters 21. However, it will be appreciated that it can be mounted ona separate rotating plate which is downstream of plate 17 so that it will cut its grooves 24 after the edge 11 has been completely milled.

It can thus be seen that the improved interlocking roughing bit of the present invention is manifestly capable of achieving the above enumerated objects and while preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, it will be appreciated that it is not limited thereto but may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An interlocking roughing bit for providing a groove with a shingled side on the edge of a book of pages which is to receive adhesive incidental to being bound comprising a body portion for mounting on a rotating member having a center of rotating, a cutting bit on said body portion, a leading relatively sharp cutting edge on said cutting bit, first and second diverging sides extending from said cutting edge toward a trailing edge on said bit, said first side being closer to said center of rotation than said second side and having a portion extending substantially perpendicularly to a radius drawn from said center of rotation to said first side, and said second side extending at an acute angle with respect to said first side, whereby said cutting edge will cut through said edge of said book to form a groove as said first and second sides pass through said edge of said book and said second side will cause flaps formed from pages to be oriented into a shingled relationship on the side of said groove.

2. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first and second sides comprise intersecting planes.

3. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 2 wherein said second side extends at an angle of substantially 30 to said first side.

4. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 2 wherein said trailing edge is planar and extends transversely to said cutting edge.

5. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 4 wherein said first and second sides and said trailing edge are triangular. 

1. An interlocking roughing bit for providing a groove with a shingled side on the edge of a book of pages which is to receive adhesive incidental to being bound comprising a body portion for mounting on a rotating member having a center of rotating, a cutting bit on said body portion, a leading relatively sharp cutting edge on said cutting bit, first and second diverging sides extending from said cutting edge toward a trailing edge on said bit, said first side being closer to said center of rotation than said second side and having a portion extending substantially perpendicularly to a radius drawn from said center of rotation to said first side, and said second side extending at an acute angle with respect to said first side, whereby said cutting edge will cut through said edge of said book to form a groove as said first and second sides pass through said edge of said book and said second side will cause flaps formed from pages to be oriented into a shingled relationship on the side of said groove.
 2. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first and second sides comprise intersecting planes.
 3. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 2 wherein said second side extends at an angle of substantially 30* to said first side.
 4. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 2 wherein said trailing edge is planar and extends transversely to said cutting edge.
 5. An interlocking roughing bit as set forth in claim 4 wherein said first and second sides and said trailing edge are triangular. 